In this article, we are going to discuss comparison between MongoDB and MySQL. World is experiencing fourth industrial revolution. These revolution comprised of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Block chain, Cloud Computing and Internet of Thing (IoT) technologies.

Data is the main ingredient of all the mentioned technologies. Some of it uses data to work and some of it produces data. Therefore managing data is an important task to carry on the work.  

For this purpose, one has many available database programs to work with. The choice to select the database program depend on the many factors like User friendliness, Scalability, Performance, Flexibility and Security.

Now we will discuss the basics of MongoDB and MySQL and will compare them.

What is MongoDB?

MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database used for high volume data storage. MongoDB is a database that came into light around the mid-2000s. It comes under the category of a NoSQL database.

This kind of Database Management System uses dynamic schemas that mean that you can create records without first defining the structure, such as the fields or the types and their values.

MongoDB allows you to change the structure of records, which we call documents by adding new fields or deleting existing ones

What is MySQL?

MYSQL is a popular and widely used Database Management System. The name is taken from the girl name My, who is the daughter of the co-founder Michael Widenius. The source code of MYSQL is available under the GNU GPL. Oracle Corporation own and maintain this project.

It is an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) and works primarily on the relational database model. It makes database administration easier and more flexible

In MySQL, you need to pre-define your database schema based on your requirements and set up rules that help you to govern the relationships between fields in your tables.

Why Use MongoDB?

Here are the main reasons for using MongoDB:

• MongoDB is very flexible and adaptable to real business world situations and requirements.
• It helps in query to return certain fields within documents.
• Moving further, it supports field, range-based query, regular expression, etc. for searching the data from the stored data.
• It is a very easy DBMS system that can easily scale up or down.
• Moving further, it helps you to uses internal memory for storing the working temporary datasets for which it is much faster.
• Last but not least, it allows you to store any type of file which can be any size without effecting our stack
• Lastly, it can run over multiple servers, balancing the load and/or duplicating data to keep the system up and running in case of hardware failure.

Why Use MySQL?

Here are some important reasons for using MYSQL:

• It supports features like Master-Slave Replication, Scale-Out.
• It supports Offload Reporting, Geographic Data Distribution, etc.
• Very Low overhead with MyISAM storage engine when used for read-mostly applications
• It support for memory storage engine for frequently used tables
• It Query Cache for repeatedly used statements
• You can easily learn and troubleshoot MySQL from different sources like blogs, white papers, and books.

Key Differences Between MongoDB and MySQL

• Firstly, MongoDB represents data as of JSON documents whereas MySQL represents data in tables and rows.
• Secondly, In MongoDB, you don’t need to define the schema while in MySQL you need to define your tables and columns
• Moving further, MongoDB doesn’t support JOIN but MySQL supports JOIN operations.
• MongoDB uses JavaScript as query language while MySQL uses the Structured Query Language (SQL).
• Last but not least, MongoDB is an ideal choice if you have unstructured and/or structured data with the potential for rapid growth while MYSQL is a great choice if you have structured data and need a traditional relational database.
• Lastly, If most of your services are cloud based MongoDB is the best suited for you but if data security is your priority then MYSQL is the best option for you.

Disadvantages of using MongoDB

Here are disadvantages of using MongoDB:

• MongoDB is not strong ACID (Atomic, Consistency, Isolation & Durability) compare to many other RDBMS systems.
• Transactions using MongoDB are complex
• In MongoDB, there is no provision for Stored Procedure or functions, so you can’t implement any business logic in the database level, which you can do in any RDBMS systems.

Disadvantages of using MySQL

Here are the disadvantages of using MYSQL:

• Transactions related to system catalog are not ACID compliant
• Sometimes a server crash can corrupt the system catalog
• Stored procedures are not cacheable
• MYSQL tables which is used for the procedure or trigger are most pre-locked.

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